Details

Geographic Information Science for Land Resource Management


Geographic Information Science for Land Resource Management


1. Aufl.

von: Suraj Kumar Singh, Shruti Kanga, Gowhar Meraj, Majid Farooq, Sudhanshu Sudhanshu

197,99 €

Verlag: Wiley
Format: PDF
Veröffentl.: 15.06.2021
ISBN/EAN: 9781119786368
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 432

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Beschreibungen

<p><i>Geographic Information Science for Land Resource Management</i> is a comprehensive book focusing on managing land resources using innovative techniques of spatial information sciences and satellite remote sensing. The enormous stress on the land resources over the years due to anthropogenic activities for commercialization and livelihood needs has increased manifold. The only solution to this problem lies in stakeholder awareness, which can only be attained through scientific means. The awareness is the basis of the sustainable development concept, which involves optimal management of natural resources, subject to the availability of reliable, accurate, and timely information from the global to local scales.<br /> <br /> GIScience consists of satellite remote sensing (RS), Geographical Information System (GIS), and Global Positioning System (GPS) technology that is nowadays a backbone of environmental protection, natural resource management, and sustainable development and planning. Being a powerful and proficient tool for mapping, monitoring, modeling, and managing natural resources can help understand the earth surface and its dynamics at different observational scales. Through the spatial understanding of land resources, policymakers can make prudent decisions to restore and conserve critically endangered resources, such as water bodies, lakes, rivers, air, forests, wildlife, biodiversity, etc.<br /> <br /> This innovative new volume contains chapters from eminent researchers and experts. The primary focus of this book is to replenish the gap in the available literature on the subject by bringing the concepts, theories, and experiences of the specialists and professionals in this field jointly. The editors have worked hard to get the best literature in this field in a book form to help the students, researchers, and policymakers develop a complete understanding of the land system vulnerabilities and solutions.</p>
<p>Preface xv</p> <p>Acknowledgements xxiii</p> <p><b>1 Climate Change in South Asia: Impact, Adaptation and the Role of GI Science 1<br /></b><i>Anuj Kumar and Swami Prasad Saxena</i></p> <p>1.1 Introduction 2</p> <p>1.2 Climate Change 2</p> <p>1.3 Climate Change Trends in South Asia 3</p> <p>1.4 Climate Change Impact in South Asia 6</p> <p>1.4.1 Climate Change Impact on Socio-Economy in South Asia 6</p> <p>1.4.2 Climate Change Impact on Agriculture in South Asia 8</p> <p>1.4.3 Impact of Climate Change in Water Resources in South Asia 8</p> <p>1.4.4 Impact of Climate Change on Sea Level 10</p> <p>1.4.5 Impact of Climate Change on Human Health 11</p> <p>1.5 Climate Change Adaptation in South Asia and the Role of GI Science 13</p> <p>1.6 Conclusion 15</p> <p>References 15</p> <p><b>2 Sustainable Land Resource Management Approach and Technological Interventions – Role of GI Science 19<br /></b><i>Sandeep K. Pandey, Ritambhara K. Upadhyay, Chintan Pathak and Chandra Shekhar Dwivedi</i></p> <p>2.1 Introduction 20</p> <p>2.2 Land Resource Availability in India 21</p> <p>2.3 Problems Associated with Land Resources 25</p> <p>2.4 Important Interventions 25</p> <p>2.5 Role of GI Science in Land Resource Management 27</p> <p>References 29</p> <p><b>3 GI Science for Assessing the Urban Growth and Sustainability in Agra City, India 33<br /></b><i>Aruna Paarcha</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction 34</p> <p>3.2 Database 36</p> <p>3.3 Methodology 37</p> <p>3.4 Study Area 39</p> <p>3.5 Result and Discussion 40</p> <p>3.5.1 Land Use and Land Cover Change of Agra City, 2001-2020 41</p> <p>3.5.2 Growth in Registered Vehicles and Implications on the Sustainability 44</p> <p>3.5.3 PM<sub>10</sub> and Implications on the Sustainability 45</p> <p>3.5.4 Municipal Solid Wastes and Implications on the Sustainability 47</p> <p>3.5.5 Way Forward for Building Sustainable, Resilient, and Smart Agra City 48</p> <p>3.6 Conclusion 49</p> <p>References 49</p> <p><b>4 The Use of GI Science in Detecting Anthropogenic Interaction in Protected Areas: A Case of the Takamanda National Park, South West Region, Cameroon 55<br /></b><i>Takem-Mbi, B. M., Mbuh, J. M. and Lepatio-Tchieg, A. S.</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 56</p> <p>4.2 Context and Justification 57</p> <p>4.3 Material and Data Sources 58</p> <p>4.4 Results and Discussion 62</p> <p>4.4.1 Agricultural Activities 62</p> <p>4.4.2 Hunting 63</p> <p>4.4.3 Livestock Rearing 65</p> <p>4.4.4 The Exploitation of Wood in the TNP 67</p> <p>4.4.5 Fishing Activities 68</p> <p>4.4.6 Harvesting Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPS) 70</p> <p>4.5 Conclusion 72</p> <p>References 76</p> <p>Contents vii</p> <p><b>5 Urban Heat Island Effect Concept and Its Assessment Using Satellite-Based Remote Sensing Data 81<br /></b><i>Zulaykha Khurshid Dijoo</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 82</p> <p>5.2 Classification of UHIs 84</p> <p>5.2.1 Surface UHI 84</p> <p>5.2.2 Atmospheric UHI 84</p> <p>5.2.2.1 Canopy Layer UHI 84</p> <p>5.2.2.2 Boundary Layer UHI 85</p> <p>5.3 Chief Causes 85</p> <p>5.3.1 Urbanisation 85</p> <p>5.3.2 Urban Sprawl 86</p> <p>5.3.3 Urban Geometry 87</p> <p>5.3.4 Reduced Vegetation 87</p> <p>5.3.5 Use of Engineered Materials 87</p> <p>5.3.6 Changes in Energy Needs 88</p> <p>5.3.7 Pavement Structure 88</p> <p>5.4 Consequences of UHI Formation 88</p> <p>5.5 Detection and Measurement Techniques 89</p> <p>5.5.1 Thermal Remote Sensing 89</p> <p>5.5.2 Small-Scale Models 89</p> <p>5.5.3 Transect Studies 90</p> <p>5.6 Mitigation Strategies 90</p> <p>5.6.1 Enhancing Vegetative Cover 91</p> <p>5.6.2 High Albedo Roofing Materials 91</p> <p>5.6.3 High Albedo Pavements 91</p> <p>5.6.4 Evaporative, Pourous and Water Retaining Pavements 91</p> <p>5.6.5 Urban Planning 92</p> <p>5.6.6 Wind, Water and Atmospheric Conditions 92</p> <p>5.7 Role of Remote Sensing and GIS in Assessing UHI Effect 93</p> <p>5.8 Conclusion 94</p> <p>References 94</p> <p><b>6 Remote Sensing for Snowpack Monitoring and Its Implications 99<br /></b><i>Divyesh Varade, Surendar Manickam and Gulab Singh</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 99</p> <p>6.2 Snowpack Characterization 100</p> <p>6.2.1 Spectral Response of Snow 101</p> <p>6.2.2 Dry/Wet Snow Characterization 102</p> <p>6.2.3 Physical Properties Of Snow 102</p> <p>6.3 Remote Sensing of Alpine Snow 104</p> <p>6.4 Techniques for the Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Snow 105</p> <p>6.4.1 Qualitative Studies of the Snowpack 105</p> <p>6.4.2 Quantitative Retrieval of Snow Properties 107</p> <p>6.4.2.1 Determination of Snowpack Properties 107</p> <p>6.4.2.2 Retrieval of Snow Depth and SWE 110</p> <p>6.5 Implications and Potential Applications 111</p> <p>6.6 Conclusion 112</p> <p>References 113</p> <p><b>7 Spectral Ratioing: A Computational Model for Quick Information Retrieval of Earth’s Surface Dynamics 119<br /></b><i>Ekta Baranwal and Shamshad Ahmad</i></p> <p>7.1 Introduction 120</p> <p>7.2 Image Enhancement Techniques for Remotely Sensed Images and Their Categorization 123</p> <p>7.2.1 Radiometric Enhancement 126</p> <p>7.2.2 Spatial Enhancement 127</p> <p>7.2.3 Spectral Enhancement 128</p> <p>7.2.4 Additional Methods of Image Enchancement 129</p> <p>7.3 Spectral Ratioing 130</p> <p>7.3.1 The General Methodology for Implementing Spectral Ratios 132</p> <p>7.4 Spectral Ratio for Urban Extraction and Mapping 132</p> <p>7.4.1 Some Spectral Index for Urban Extraction 134</p> <p>7.5 Spatiotemporal Change in Urban Pattern Through Spectral Ratio 137</p> <p>7.6 Conclusion 140</p> <p>References 141</p> <p><b>8 Delineation of Surface Water in Mining Dominated Region of Angul District of Odisha State, India Using Sentinel-2A Satellite Data 147<br /></b><i>A. K. Gorai, Rahul Raj and A. K. Ranjan</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 148</p> <p>8.2 Study Area 149</p> <p>8.3 Materials and Method 149</p> <p>8.3.1 Data 149</p> <p>8.3.2 Methods 150</p> <p>8.3.2.1 Satellite Data Acquisition 151</p> <p>8.3.2.2 Identification of Water-Bearing Pixels 152</p> <p>8.3.2.3 Change Detection Analysis 152</p> <p>8.4 Results and Discussion 152</p> <p>8.5 Conclusions 156</p> <p>Acknowledgements 157</p> <p>References 157</p> <p><b>9 Mapping Seasonal Variability and Spatio-Temporal Trends of Water Quality Parameters in Wular Lake (Kashmir Valley) 161<br /></b><i>Tariq Ahmad Ganaie, Javaid Ahmad Tali, Mifta ul Shafiq, Harmeet Singh and Pervez Ahmed</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction 162</p> <p>9.2 Study Area 164</p> <p>9.3 Datasets and Methodology 164</p> <p>9.3.1 Datasets 164</p> <p>9.4 Methodology 167</p> <p>9.4.1 Inverse Distance-Weighted Interpolation (IDW) 167</p> <p>9.5 Mapping Spatial Variations in Water Quality Parameters (WQP’S) Using IDW Method in Wular Lake 168</p> <p>9.5.1 Seasonal and Spatial Variability of WQPS in Wular Lake 168</p> <p>9.6 Results and Discussion 168</p> <p>9.6.1 Water Temperature (WT) 168</p> <p>9.6.2 pH 175</p> <p>9.6.3 Turbidity 175</p> <p>9.6.4 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 175</p> <p>9.6.5 Electrical Conductivity (EC) 176</p> <p>9.6.6 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 176</p> <p>9.6.7 Calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) 177</p> <p>9.6.8 Magnesium (Mg<sup>2+</sup>) 178</p> <p>9.6.9 Total Hardness (TH) 178</p> <p>9.6.10 Total Alkalinity 180</p> <p>9.6.11 Nitrates (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) 180</p> <p>9.6.12 Total Phosphate 181</p> <p>9.7 Temporal Variations in Water Quality Parameters of Wular Lake (1992-2015) 181</p> <p>9.8 Conclusion 183</p> <p>Acknowledgement 185</p> <p>References 185</p> <p><b>10 Water Quality Zoning Using GIS & Remote Sensing: A Case Study of Tehsil Matta District Swat Pakistan 191<br /></b><i>Abid Sarwar, Uzair Ahmed, Fazli Amin Khalil, Shazia Gulzar and Nadia Qayum</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction 192</p> <p>10.2 Martials and Methods 193</p> <p>10.2.1 Study Area 193</p> <p>10.2.2 Methodology 193</p> <p>10.3 Results and Discussion 195</p> <p>10.3.1 pH 195</p> <p>10.3.2 Dissolved Oxygen 195</p> <p>10.3.3 Electrical Conductivity 197</p> <p>10.3.4 Salinity 197</p> <p>10.3.5 Chemical Parameters 200</p> <p>10.3.6 Alkalinity 200</p> <p>10.3.7 Total Dissolved Solids 200</p> <p>10.3.8 Chloride 201</p> <p>10.3.9 Sulphate 201</p> <p>10.3.10 Biological Oxygen Demand 202</p> <p>10.3.11 Final Water Quality Zones Map 202</p> <p>10.4 Conclusion 205</p> <p>References 206</p> <p><b>11 Assessing the Impacts of Global Sea Level Rise (SLR) on the Mangrove Forests of Indian Sundarbans Using Geospatial Technology 209<br /></b><i>Ismail Mondal, Sandeep Thakur, Phanibhusan Ghosh and Tarun Kumar De</i></p> <p>11.1 Introduction 210</p> <p>11.2 Materials and Methods 211</p> <p>11.2.1 Data Methodology 211</p> <p>11.2.2 Location and General Boundaries 211</p> <p>11.3 Results and Discussions 213</p> <p>11.3.1 Sundarban Sea Level Rise Scenario 213</p> <p>11.3.2 Salinity Increase and Effect on Mangrove Forest 213</p> <p>11.3.3 Mangrove Degradation of Sundarban 217</p> <p>11.4 Conclusion and Restoration of the Delta 219</p> <p>11.4.1 Mangrove Resilience Factors That Inform Site Selection of Sundarban 221</p> <p>11.4.2 Various Factors That Would Allow for the Landward Migration 221</p> <p>11.4.3 Various Issues That Highlighted Survival Over Time 222</p> <p>11.4.4 Various Factors That Highlighted Strong Retrieval Potential 222</p> <p>11.5 Acknowledgements 223</p> <p>References 223</p> <p><b>12 Sustainable Water Resource Management Using Watershed Morphometry–A Case Study of Giri River Catchment, Himachal Pradesh, India 229<br /></b><i>C Prakasam, Aravinth, R., Varinder S Kanwar and B. Nagarajan</i></p> <p>12.1 Introduction 230</p> <p>12.2 Study Area 231</p> <p>12.3 Datasets and Research Method 233</p> <p>12.4 Results and Discussion 234</p> <p>12.4.1 Morphometry of Linear Parameters 234</p> <p>12.4.2 Morphometry of Relief Parameters 240</p> <p>12.4.3 Morphometry of Aerial Parameters 242</p> <p>12.5 Conclusion 247</p> <p>References 247</p> <p><b>13 Improving the Procedure for River Flow Measurement and Mapping: Case Study River Plitvica, Croatia 251<br /></b><i>Bojan Đurin, Lucija Plantak, Nikola Kranjčić, Petra Bigor and Damira Keček</i></p> <p>13.1 Introduction 252</p> <p>13.2 Study Area 252</p> <p>13.3 Data Sets and Methodology 252</p> <p>13.3.1 Data Sets 252</p> <p>13.4 Methodology 255</p> <p>13.5 Results and Discussion 257</p> <p>13.6 Conclusion 259</p> <p>Acknowledgement 260</p> <p>References 260</p> <p><b>14 Spatiotemporal Analysis of Forest Degradation in South Chotanagpur Divison of India 261<br /></b><i>Jyotsna Roseline Ekka, Debjani Roy and Kirti Avishek</i></p> <p>14.1 Introduction 262</p> <p>14.2 Forest Cover Dynamics In Study Area 264</p> <p>14.3 District-Wise Forest And Population Dynamics 265</p> <p>14.4 NDVI Analysis 272</p> <p>14.5 Driving Forces of Forest Cover Change 273</p> <p>14.6 Conclusion 277</p> <p>References 277</p> <p><b>15 Forest Fire Risk Assessment Using GIS Science – A Case Study of South India 283<br /></b><i>G. Godson, O. Mohammed Faizan and S. Sanjeevi</i></p> <p>15.1 Introduction 284</p> <p>15.2 Study Area 286</p> <p>15.3 Datasets Used 286</p> <p>15.4 Factors Responsible for Forest Fire Over the Study Area 286</p> <p>15.4.1 Vegetation Type and Tree Species 286</p> <p>15.4.2 Climate 287</p> <p>15.4.3 Topography 287</p> <p>15.4.4 Road Networks 287</p> <p>15.5 Methodology 288</p> <p>15.6 Parameters Incorporated in the Study 288</p> <p>15.7 Weighted Overlay Analysis in ArcGIS 290</p> <p>15.7.1 Selecting an Evaluation Scale 290</p> <p>15.7.2 Adding the Input Raster 290</p> <p>15.7.3 Setting Scale Values 290</p> <p>15.7.4 Assigning Weights to Input Raster 290</p> <p>15.7.5 Finally Running the Weighted Overlay Tool in ArcGIS 291</p> <p>15.8 NDVI 291</p> <p>15.9 Results and Discussion 293</p> <p>References 297</p> <p><b>16 GI Science for Land Use Suitability Analysis in the Himalayas – A Case Study of Himachal Pradesh, India 301<br /></b><i>C. Prakasam, Saravanan R, Varinder S Kanwar, M.K. Sharma and Monika Sharma</i></p> <p>16.1 Introduction 302</p> <p>16.2 Study Area 304</p> <p>16.3 Materials and Methods 304</p> <p>16.4 Results and Discussion 309</p> <p>16.5 Conclusion 313</p> <p>Acknowledgment 313</p> <p>References 314</p> <p><b>17 Using Remote Sensing Data and Geospatial Techniques for Watershed Delineation and Morphometric Analysis of Beas Upper Catchment, India 319<br /></b><i>Monika, Yogender Kumar, Sagar S. Salunkhe, Mehtab Singh and H.Govil</i></p> <p>17.1 Introduction 320</p> <p>17.2 Study Area 320</p> <p>17.3 Methodology 322</p> <p>17.4 Result and Discussion 325</p> <p>17.4.1 Watershed Delineation and Boundary Comparison 325</p> <p>17.4.2 Slope Comparison 326</p> <p>17.4.3 Aspect Comparison 327</p> <p>17.4.4 Morphometric Parameters 328</p> <p>17.4.4.1 Linear Aspect 328</p> <p>17.4.4.2 Stream Number (Nu) 328</p> <p>17.4.4.3 Stream Order (U) 328</p> <p>17.4.4.4 Aerial Aspects 330</p> <p>17.4.4.5 Relief Aspects 331</p> <p>17.5 Conclusions 333</p> <p>Acknowledgement 334</p> <p>References 334</p> <p><b>18 Sub-Watershed Prioritization for Soil and Water Conservation – A Case Study of Lower Wardha River, Maharashtra, India, Using GI Science 337<br /></b><i>B.S. Manjare and Vineesha Singh</i></p> <p>18.1 Introduction 338</p> <p>18.2 Study Area 340</p> <p>18.3 Data and Method 340</p> <p>18.3.1 Data Set 340</p> <p>18.3.2 Methodology 341</p> <p>18.4 Morphometry of Lower Wardha 342</p> <p>18.5 Results and Discussion 342</p> <p>18.5.1 Slope Analysis 345</p> <p>18.5.2 Prioritization of Sub-Watersheds 349</p> <p>18.5.2.1 Based on Morphometric Analysis 349</p> <p>18.5.2.2 Prioritization Methodology 350</p> <p>18.6 Conclusions 351</p> <p>References 354</p> <p><b>19 Understanding Hydrologic Response Using Basin Morphometry in Pohru Watershed, NW Himalaya 359<br /></b><i>Abaas Ahmad Mir, Pervez Ahmed and Umair Ali</i></p> <p>19.1 Introduction 360</p> <p>19.2 Study Area 361</p> <p>19.2.1 Geology and Geomorphology 361</p> <p>19.3 Materials and Method 364</p> <p>19.4 Results and Discussion 364</p> <p>19.4.1 Drainage System 364</p> <p>19.4.2 Morphometric Analysis 365</p> <p>19.5 Conclusion 368</p> <p>References 368</p> <p><b>20 Sintacs Method for Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability: A Case of Ahmedabad, India 373<br /></b><i>Mona Khakhar, Jayesh P. Ruparelia and Anjana Vyas</i></p> <p>20.1 Introduction 374</p> <p>20.2 Background 375</p> <p>20.3 Study Area 377</p> <p>20.4 Data Sets and Methodology 378</p> <p>20.4.1 Data Sets 378</p> <p>20.4.2 Methodology 379</p> <p>20.5 Results and Discussion 382</p> <p>20.5.1 Depth to Water Table 382</p> <p>20.5.2 Effective Infiltration/Net Recharge 384</p> <p>20.5.3 Aquifer Media 384</p> <p>20.5.4 Soil Media 385</p> <p>20.5.5 Topographic Slope 386</p> <p>20.5.6 Vadose Zone 386</p> <p>20.5.7 Hydraulic Conductivity 386</p> <p>20.5.8 Derivation of Vulnerability Index 386</p> <p>20.5.9 Appropriate Method for the Study Area 388</p> <p>20.5.10 Temporal Changes in Intrinsic Vulnerability 389</p> <p>20.5.11 State of Contaminants and Land Use 390</p> <p>20.5.12 Land Use and Groundwater Vulnerability 396</p> <p>20.6 Conclusion 401</p> <p>References 401</p> <p>Index 407</p>
<p><b> Suraj Kumar Singh, Ph.D.,</b> is an associate professor and coordinator at the Centre for Sustainable Development, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India. He has published various research papers in national and international journals and participated in and organized international conferences, workshops, symposiums, and webinars. He is presently on the reviewer panel for several research journals and supervises several Ph.D. students on their dissertations.</p><p><b> Shruti Kanga, Ph.D.,</b> is an associate professor and coordinator at the Centre for Climate change and Water Research, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India. She has authored more than 60 publications in various peer-reviewed national and international journals with more than 400 citations. She is presently on the reviewer panel for several research journals and supervises several Ph.D. students on their dissertations.</p><p><b> Gowhar Meraj, M Phil, M Sc,</b> is a young scientist fellow in the Department of Science and Technology in India’s Department of Ecology. He has also worked as a consultant with World Bank Group, New Delhi, for its South Asia Water Initiative Program. He has more than nine years of research and teaching experience and is on the reviewer panel for several research journals. </p><p><b> Majid Farooq, M Tech, M Sc,</b> is a scientist-D at the Department of Ecology, Environment and Remote Sensing, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, India. He has more than 15 years of experience in research, teaching, and consultancy related to remote sensing and GIS, such as climate change vulnerability assessments, flood modeling, ecosystem assessment, and watershed management. </p><p><b> Sudhanshu, Ph.D.,</b> is a veteran researcher in the field of applied geology and geosciences. He has more than 30 years of research and academic experience and is currently the chief mentor of Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur. He is on the reviewer panel for several research journals and supervises several Ph.D. students on their dissertations.</p>
<p><b><i>Geographic Information Science for Land Resource Management</i> is a comprehensive book aimed at helping students, researchers, and policymakers develop a complete understanding of the vulnerabilities and solutions of the land system through the use of spatial information sciences and satellite remote sensing. </b> </p><p>Including satellite remote sensing (RS), Geographical Information System (GIS), and Global Positioning System (GPS), the editors have covered the technologies that are the backbone of environmental protection, natural resource management, and sustainable development and planning. With these powerful and proficient tools for mapping, monitoring, modeling, and managing natural resources, the engineer or scientist can understand the earth’s surface and its dynamics at different observational scales. Through the spatial understanding of land resources, policymakers can then make prudent decisions to restore and conserve critically endangered resources, such as water bodies, lakes, rivers, air, forests, wildlife, and biodiversity.</p><p>This innovative new volume contains chapters from eminent researchers and experts. The primary focus of this book is to replenish the gap in the available literature on the subject by bringing the concepts, theories, and experiences of the specialists and professionals in this field. Whether for the veteran engineer or scientist or the student, this is a must-have for any library. </p><p><b>This outstanding new volume:</b></p><ul><li>Focuses on the latest regional and global studies, focusing on land resources management using innovative techniques of spatial information sciences and satellite remote sensing</li><li>Describes anthropogenic activities related to commercialization and livelihood on the land resources at local and global levels</li><li>Covers the use of innovative and recent techniques of satellite remote sensing (RS), Geographical Information System (GIS), and Global Positioning System (GPS) for the protection of the environment, natural resource management, and sustainable development</li><li>Using case studies from different geographical regions, provides an in-depth analysis of the issues land resources face globally, particularly in developing countries</li></ul>

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