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<p>List of Contributors xv</p> <p>Foreword xxi<br /> <i>Ajoy Kumar Ray </i></p> <p><b>1 Introduction of 3D Printing and Different Bioprinting Methods 1<br /> </b><i>Asmita Biswas, Baisakhee Saha, Hema Bora, Pravin Vasudeo Vaidya, Krishna Dixit, and Santanu Dhara</i></p> <p>1.1 Introduction of 3D Printing: Principles and Utility 1</p> <p>1.2 Ink Preparation and Printability 2</p> <p>1.3 Methods of Bioprinting in Fabrication and Tissue Engineering 5</p> <p>1.4 Scaffold Modeling and G Coding 16</p> <p>1.5 Applications and Utility in Large- Scale Manufacturing 18</p> <p>1.6 Complications and Troubleshooting 25</p> <p>References 27</p> <p><b>2 Cellular Requirements and Preparation for Bioprinting 39<br /> </b><i>Shalini Dasgupta, Vriti Sharma, and Ananya Barui</i></p> <p>2.1 Introduction 39</p> <p>2.2 Types of Bioprinting 40</p> <p>2.3 Features Required for Bioprinting with Cells 44</p> <p>2.4 Bioprinting Methodologies for Cell Expansion and Proliferation 55</p> <p>2.5 The Impact of Bioprinting Process Conditions on Phenotype Alterations 57</p> <p>2.6 Discussion 68</p> <p>2.7 Conclusion 69</p> <p>2.8 Future Prospects 69</p> <p>References 70</p> <p><b>3 3D Bioprinting: Materials for Bioprinting Bioinks Selection 85<br /> </b><i>Mona Moaness and Mostafa Mabrouk</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction 85</p> <p>3.2 Bioprinting Materials 87</p> <p>3.3 Bioinks Selectivity Guide 90</p> <p>3.4 Classification of Bioprinting Materials 94</p> <p>3.5 3D Bioprinting Methods According to the Type of the Bioinks 100</p> <p>3.6 Bioinks Selection According to Biomedical Application 102</p> <p>3.7 Multicomponent Bioinks 106</p> <p>3.8 Future Prospects 107</p> <p>References 107</p> <p><b>4 Printed Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering 119<br /> </b><i>Thara Tom, Samanta Sam, Josmin P. Jose, M.S. Sreekala, and Sabu Thomas</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 119</p> <p>4.2 Biomedical Application of 3D Printing 120</p> <p>4.3 Tissue Engineering: Emerging Applications by 3D Printing 128</p> <p>4.4 Conclusions 136</p> <p>References 136</p> <p><b>5 Printability and Shape Fidelity in Different Bioprinting Process 143<br /> </b><i>Prajisha Prabhakar, Aiswarya Sathian, and Sabu Thomas</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 143</p> <p>5.2 Fundamentals of Printability 144</p> <p>5.3 Bioprinting Techniques and Printability 146</p> <p>5.4 Shape Fidelity 152</p> <p>5.5 Case Studies and Applications 161</p> <p>5.6 Conclusion 163</p> <p>References 163</p> <p><b>6 Advancements in Bioprinting for Medical Applications 169<br /> </b><i>Kevin Y. Wu, Maxine Joly- Chevrier, Laura K. Gorwill, Michael Marchand, and Simon D. Tran</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 169</p> <p>6.2 Bioprinting for Drug Development and Testing 170</p> <p>6.3 Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering, Regenerative Medicine, and Organ Transplantation 183</p> <p>6.4 Bioprinting in Tissue: Challenges, Barriers to Clinical Translation, and Future Directions 215</p> <p>6.5 Conclusions 218</p> <p>Acknowledgments 218</p> <p>References 219</p> <p><b>7 4D-Printed, Smart, Multiresponsive Structures and Their Applications 231</b><br /> <i>Jinku Kim, D.A. Gouripriya, and Prosenjit Saha</i></p> <p>7.1 Introduction 231</p> <p>7.2 4D- Printing Technologies 232</p> <p>7.3 Biomaterials for 4D Bioprinting 234</p> <p>7.4 Biomedical Applications for 4D Bioprinting 239</p> <p>7.5 Future Perspectives 244</p> <p>References 246</p> <p><b>8 Toxicity Aspects and Ethical Issues of Bioprinting 251<br /> </b><i>Noura Al Hashimi and Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 251</p> <p>8.2 Toxicity Issues in Bioprinting 253</p> <p>8.3 Ethical Issues in Bioprinting 255</p> <p>8.4 Issues in Clinical Trials 259</p> <p>8.5 Legal Issues in Bioprinting 262</p> <p>8.6 Conclusion 265</p> <p>References 266</p> <p><b>9 Planning Bioprinting Project 273<br /> </b><i>Anish Deb, Prosenjit Saha, and Debashis Sarkar</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction 273</p> <p>9.2 Background: Image Capturing and Solid Model Preparation of Virtual Anatomical Model for 3D Printing 275</p> <p>9.3 Conclusion 296</p> <p>References 297</p> <p><b>10 Computational Engineering for 3D Bioprinting: Models, Methods, and Emerging Technologies 301<br /> </b><i>Vidyapati Kumar, Ankita Mistri, Varnit Jain, and Manojit Ghosh</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction 301</p> <p>10.2 Fundamentals of Numerical Methods in Bioprinting 306</p> <p>10.3 Application of Machine Learning for 3D Bioprinting 312</p> <p>10.4 Summary 315</p> <p>References 317</p> <p><b>11 Controlling Factors of Bioprinting 323<br /> </b><i>Mridula Sreedharan, D.A. Gouripriya, Ankita Deb, Yves Grohens, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Prosenjit Saha, and Sabu Thomas</i></p> <p>11.1 Introduction 323</p> <p>11.2 Factors Influencing the Printability of Hydrogel Bioink 324</p> <p>11.3 Bioink Formulation 327</p> <p>11.4 Influence of Printing Process on Cell Behavior 328</p> <p>11.5 Importance of Patterning and Surface Topography 330</p> <p>11.6 Contact Guidance and Directional Growth of Cells 337</p> <p>11.7 Cell Viability and Mitigation Process 339</p> <p>11.8 Possible Mitigation Techniques 342</p> <p>11.9 Conclusion 342</p> <p>References 343</p> <p><b>12 In Situ Bioprinting 347<br /> </b><i>Mina Mina, Kevin Y. Wu, Ananda Kalevar, and Simon D. Tran</i></p> <p>12.1 Introduction 347</p> <p>12.2 Advantages of In Situ Bioprinting 348</p> <p>12.3 In Situ Bioprinting Technologies 351</p> <p>12.4 Bioinks and Biomaterials for In Situ Bioprinting 362</p> <p>12.5 In Situ Approaches for Tissue Regeneration 364</p> <p>12.6 Future Directions 379</p> <p>12.7 Conclusion 381</p> <p>Acknowledgments 382</p> <p>References 382</p> <p><b>13 Importance of Machine Learning in 3D Bioprinting 391<br /> </b><i>Shohreh Vanaei, Saeedeh Vanaei, Michèle Kanhonou, Sofiane Khelladi, Abbas Tcharkhtchi, and Hamid Reza Vanaei</i></p> <p>13.1 Introduction 391</p> <p>13.2 3D Bioprinting 392</p> <p>13.3 Machine Learning in 3D Bioprinting 399</p> <p>13.4 Challenges in 3D Bioprinting Process Using ML 404</p> <p>13.5 Future Outlook 405</p> <p>13.6 Summary and Conclusion 406</p> <p>References 407</p> <p><b>14 Advanced Bioprinting for the Future 411<br /> </b><i>D.A. Gouripriya, Soumyadeep Bera, Jaideep Adhikari, Poonam Debnath, Prosenjit Saha, and Sabu Thomas</i></p> <p>14.1 Introduction 411</p> <p>14.2 Electrospinning and Bioprinting 412</p> <p>14.3 4D Printing 413</p> <p>14.4 5D and 6D Printing 418</p> <p>14.5 Organ Printing 421</p> <p>14.6 Vascularized Organ on a Chip 424</p> <p>14.7 Multimaterial Bioprinting 426</p> <p>14.8 Printing in Microgravity 429</p> <p>14.9 In Vivo Bioprinting 430</p> <p>14.10 Biohybrid Robots 432</p> <p>14.11 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 434</p> <p>References 435</p> <p><b>15 Nanomaterials for Designing Functional Properties of Bioinks 441<br /> </b><i>Laila Hussein, Mostafa Mabrouk, Mohamed G. Farahat, and Hanan H. Beherei</i></p> <p>15.1 3D- Bioprinting 441</p> <p>15.2 Designing Functional Bioinks Using Nanoscale Biomaterials 443</p> <p>15.3 Synthesis and Tailoring the Properties of Nanobioinks 456</p> <p>15.4 Nanobioinks and Tissue Engineering 460</p> <p>15.5 Future Outlook 462</p> <p>References 463</p> <p><b>16 3D Bioprinting from Lab to Industry 475<br /> </b><i>Saeedeh Vanaei, Shohreh Vanaei, Michèle Kanhonou, Abbas Tcharkhtchi, and Hamid Reza Vanaei</i></p> <p>16.1 Introduction 475</p> <p>16.2 3D Bioprinting and Its Historical Point of View 477</p> <p>16.3 Potential of 3D Bioprinting from Lab to Industry 478</p> <p>16.4 The Diversity of 3D Bioprinting 479</p> <p>16.5 3D Bioprinting and Human Hearts 486</p> <p>16.6 3D Bioprinting and Microfluidic Organ- on- a-Chip Models 488</p> <p>16.7 Future Developments 490</p> <p>References 490</p> <p>Index 493</p>

<p><b>Prosenjit Saha, PhD,</b> is an Associate Professor in the Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research (JISIASR) at the JIS University, India <p><b>Sabu Thomas, PhD,</b> is a Professor in the School of Energy Materials, School of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemical Science and International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IIUCNN), Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India and a Distinguished Professor of Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa. He is also the Chairman of TrEST Research Park, Trivandrum, Kerala, India <p><b>Jinku Kim, PhD,</b> is a Professor in the Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering at Hongik University, Republic of Korea. <p><b>Manojit Ghosh, PhD,</b> is a Professor in the Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering in the Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, India

<p><b>A complete overview of bioprinting, from fundamentals and essential topics to recent advances and future applications</b> <p>Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is one of the most transformative technological processes to emerge in recent decades. Its layer-by-layer construction method can create objects to remarkably precise specifications with minimal waste or energy consumption. Bioprinting, a related process that employs cells and biomaterials instead of man-made substances or industrial materials, has a range of biomedical and chemical uses that make it an exciting and fast-growing area of research. <p><i>3D Bioprinting from Lab to Industry </i>offers a cutting-edge overview of this topic, its recent advances, and its future applications. Taking an interdisciplinary approach to a flourishing research field, this book exceeds all existing treatments of the subject in its scope and comprehensiveness. Moving from fundamental principles of the technology to its immense future potential, this is a must-own volume for scientists looking to incorporate this process into their research or product development. <p><i>3D Bioprinting from Lab to Industry </i>readers will also find: <ul><li>Treatment of printing parameters, surface topography requirements, and much more </li><li>Detailed discussion of topics including 5D printing in the medical field, dynamic tuning, the multi-material extrusion approach, and many others </li><li>A complete account of the bioprinting process, from lab requirements to commercialization</li></ul> <p><i>3D Bioprinting from Lab to Industry </i>is ideal for researchers—graduate and post-doctoral scholars—in the areas of materials science, biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, biotechnology, and biochemistry.

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