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<p>About the Authors xix</p> <p>List of Contributors xxi</p> <p>Foreword xxvii</p> <p>Preface xxix</p> <p>Acknowledgments xxxiii</p> <p><b>Section 1 Reliability Principles and Applications 1</b></p> <p><b>1 Basic Principles and Scientific Importance of Reliability Theory 3</b><br /><i>Aanchal Verma, Akanksha Singh S. Vardhan, Vanitha Bagana, R. K. Saket, and P. Sanjeevikumar</i></p> <p>1.1 Introduction 3</p> <p>1.2 Basic Concept of Reliability Engineering 4</p> <p>1.3 Scientific Importance of Reliability in Modern Technology 6</p> <p>1.4 Basic Concept of Probability Theory 7</p> <p>1.5 Basic Concepts of System Reliability 9</p> <p>1.6 Conclusion 17</p> <p><b>2 Bayesian Approach for Reliability Evaluation and Remaining Useful Life Prediction 19</b><br /><i>Debasis Jana, Suprakash Gupta, and Deepak Kumar</i></p> <p>2.1 Introduction 19</p> <p>2.2 Bayesian Network 20</p> <p>2.3 Bayesian Reliability 22</p> <p>2.4 Application of BN in Reliability and Remaining Useful Life 23</p> <p>2.5 Dynamic Bayesian Networks 26</p> <p>2.6 Advantages and Limitations of BN and DBN 27</p> <p>2.7 Conclusion 28</p> <p><b>3 Evaluation of Basic Reliability Indices Using State Enumeration Method 31</b><br /><i>Rajesh Arya, Chandrima Roy, Atul Koshti, Ramesh C. Bansal, and Liladhar Arya</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction 31</p> <p>3.2 Markov Process 31</p> <p>3.3 Solution of State Equations 34</p> <p>3.4 Functions of a Single Component’s Availability and Unavailability 37</p> <p>3.5 Two-Component State Model and State Probabilities 38</p> <p>3.6 Three-Component State Transition Diagram 40</p> <p>3.7 Concept of Frequency and Mean Duration 41</p> <p>3.8 Frequency of Combined Events 42</p> <p>3.9 State Enumeration Technique for Obtaining Frequency-Duration (FD) 44</p> <p>3.10 Conclusion 49</p> <p><b>4 Methodologies for Reliability Evaluation of Network 51</b><br /><i>Rajesh Arya, Atul Koshti, Aanchal Verma, Baseem Khan, and Liladhar Arya</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 51</p> <p>4.2 Series Network 51</p> <p>4.3 Parallel Network 53</p> <p>4.4 Partially Redundant System 56</p> <p>4.5 Reliability Evaluation of Complex Networks 57</p> <p>4.6 Determination of Tie-Sets 63</p> <p>4.7 Method of Obtaining Cut-Set 65</p> <p>4.8 Multistate Model 66</p> <p>4.9 Illustrative Examples 68</p> <p>4.10 Conclusions 72</p> <p><b>5 Probabilistic Approach for Standby and Load-Sharing System Reliability Evaluation 75</b><br /><i>Rajesh Arya, R. K. Saket, Atul Koshti, Saad Mekhilef, and Pradeep Purey</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 75</p> <p>5.2 Reliability Evaluation Under Ideal Condition 75</p> <p>5.3 Standby System Reliability Evaluation Under Nonideal Condition 78</p> <p>5.4 Reliability Evaluation of Load-Sharing System (Endrenyi 1978) 81</p> <p>5.5 Illustrative Examples 83</p> <p>5.6 Conclusion 88</p> <p><b>Section 2 Reliability-Based Systems Design 91</b></p> <p><b>6 Physical Reliability Methods and Design for System Reliability 93</b><br /><i>Smriti Singh, Jyoti Maurya, Eram Taslima, Bharat B. Sagar, and R. K. Saket</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 93</p> <p>6.2 Reliability Methods 94</p> <p>6.3 Design Analysis and Process 105</p> <p>6.4 Conclusions 110</p> <p><b>7 Design for Maintainability and Availability Analysis for System Design 113</b><br /><i>Jyoti Maurya, Om P. Bharti, K. S. Anand Kumar, and R. K. Saket</i></p> <p>7.1 Introduction 113</p> <p>7.2 Elements of Maintainability 114</p> <p>7.3 Availability of the Systems 120</p> <p>7.4 Conclusion 123</p> <p><b>8 Genetic Algorithm and Artificial Neural Networks in Reliability-Based Design Optimization 125</b><br /><i>Heeralal Gargama, Sanjay Kumar Chaturvedi, and Rajiv Nandan Rai</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 125</p> <p>8.2 Reliability-based Design 127</p> <p>8.3 RBDO Methodology Using PSF and ANNs 134</p> <p>8.4 Conclusion 137</p> <p>8.A Evaluation of Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness 138</p> <p><b>9 Parametric Estimation Models for Minimal and Imperfect Maintenance 143</b><br /><i>Rajiv Nandan Rai, Sanjay Kumar Chaturvedi, and Heeralal Gargama</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction 143</p> <p>9.2 Maintenance Actions on Maintained Systems 145</p> <p>9.3 Classifications of Imperfect Maintenance Categories 146</p> <p>9.4 Parametric Reliability Estimation Models for Maintained Systems 149</p> <p>9.5 NHPP: Illustrative Example 153</p> <p>9.6 Generalized Renewal Process 156</p> <p>9.7 GRP: Illustrative Examples 161</p> <p>9.8 Conclusion 164</p> <p><b>Section 3 Reliability Analysis of Transmission Systems 167</b></p> <p><b>10 Transmission System Reliability Evaluation Including Security 169</b><br /><i>Pushpendra Singh, Rajesh Arya, Lakhan Singh Titare, Mohd. Tauseef Khan, and Sharat Chandra Choube</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction 169</p> <p>10.2 Problem Formulation 171</p> <p>10.3 Monte Carlo Simulation for Evaluation of the Security Index: With and Without Considering the Absence of Transmission Lines 172</p> <p>10.4 Evaluation of the Load Flow’s Minimal Eigenvalue Jacobian 174</p> <p>10.5 Evaluation of Schur’s Inequality 175</p> <p>10.6 Evaluation of the PSI and the Cut-set Approach 175</p> <p>10.7 Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) Assessment of Probabilistic Insecurity 177</p> <p>10.8 Results and Discussions 178</p> <p>10.9 Conclusions 190</p> <p>10.A.1 Data for IEEE six-bus, seven-line test system (100MVA Base) 191</p> <p>10.A.2 Data for IEEE 14-bus, 20-line system (100MVA Base) 192</p> <p>10.A.3 Data for IEEE 25-bus, 35 line system (100MVA Base) 194</p> <p><b>11 Probabilistic Voltage Security Assessment and Enhancement Using Rescheduling of Reactive Power Control Variables 199</b><br /><i>Lakhan Singh Titare, Aanchal Singh S. Vardhan, Liladhar Arya, and Devkaran Sakravdia</i></p> <p>11.1 Introduction 199</p> <p>11.2 Computation of Probabilistic Insecurity Index (PII) Using Cut-set Technique 201</p> <p>11.3 Computation of Probabilistic Insecurity Index (PII) Sensitivity using ANN 202</p> <p>11.4 Voltage Security Enhancement using a Monovariable Approach 205</p> <p>11.5 Results and Discussion 206</p> <p>11.6 Conclusions 214</p> <p><b>Section 4 Reliability Analysis of Distribution Systems 217</b></p> <p><b>12 Modern Aspects of Probabilistic Distributions for Reliability Evaluation of Engineering Systems 219</b><br /><i>Aanchal Singh S. Vardhan, Aanchal Verma, Jyotsna Ogale, R. K. Saket, and Stuart Galloway</i></p> <p>12.1 Introduction 219</p> <p>12.2 Life Distribution of Power Components: An Overview 220</p> <p>12.3 Failure Distribution Functions for Reliability Evaluation 227</p> <p>12.4 Use of Exponential Model to Evaluate Reliability and MTBF 232</p> <p>12.5 Probabilistic Methods For Reliability Evaluation 233</p> <p>12.6 Additional Solved Examples 242</p> <p>12.7 Conclusion 244</p> <p><b>13 Reliability Enhancement of Electrical Distribution Systems Considering Active Distributed Generations 247</b><br /><i>Kalpesh B. Kela, Bhavik N. Suthar, Smriti Singh, Rajesh Arya, and Liladhar Arya</i></p> <p>13.1 Introduction 247</p> <p>13.2 Electrical Distribution Reliability Indices: Customer and Energy Based 249</p> <p>13.3 Defining the Problem 250</p> <p>13.4 The Flower Pollination Algorithm Overview 253</p> <p>13.5 Solution Approach 254</p> <p>13.6 Discussions and Outcomes 258</p> <p>13.7 Conclusion 261</p> <p><b>14 Reliability Enhancement Strategy for Electrical Distribution Systems Considering Reward and Penalty 267</b><br /><i>Kalpesh B. Kela, Bhavik N. Suthar, Liladhar Arya, and Rajesh Arya</i></p> <p>14.1 Introduction 267</p> <p>14.2 Reward and Penalty System (RPS) 269</p> <p>14.3 Problem Identification 271</p> <p>14.4 Rao Algorithms: An Overview 273</p> <p>14.5 Steps to Solve the Problem 274</p> <p>14.6 A Discussion of the Findings 274</p> <p>14.7 Conclusion 281</p> <p><b>15 Reliability Analysis of Composite Distribution System Using Frequency Duration Concept 285</b><br /><i>Atul Koshti, Eram Taslima, Pradeep Purey, Liladhar Arya, and Sharat C. Choube</i></p> <p>15.1 Introduction 285</p> <p>15.2 Components Modeling in Composite Distribution System (CDS) 286</p> <p>15.3 Frequency-Duration Concept for Reliability Indices Evaluation 286</p> <p>15.4 MCS-Based Reliability Indices Evaluation of CDS 288</p> <p>15.5 Result and Discussion 289</p> <p>15.6 Illustrative Examples 290</p> <p>15.7 Conclusions 298</p> <p><b>Section 5 Reliability Analysis of Distribution Systems Integrated With Renewable Energy Systems 301</b></p> <p><b>16 Reliability Assessment of Distribution Systems Integrated with Renewable Energy Systems 303</b><br /><i>Sachin Kumar, Sandeep Kumar, Aanchal Singh S. Vardhan, R. K. Saket, and P. Sanjeevikumar</i></p> <p>16.1 Introduction 303</p> <p>16.2 Reliability Functions 305</p> <p>16.3 Renewable Energy Sources 307</p> <p>16.4 Optimization and Control 313</p> <p>16.5 Case Study 315</p> <p>16.6 Challenges and Future Directions 320</p> <p>16.7 Conclusion 323</p> <p><b>17 Reliability Evaluation and Performance of Hybrid Photovoltaic Energy Systems for Rural Electrification Using Markov Process 325</b><br /><i>Santosh S. Raghuwanshi, Smriti Singh, Akanksha Singh S. Vardhan, Rajesh Arya, and R. K. Saket</i></p> <p>17.1 Introduction 325</p> <p>17.2 Reliability Indices 326</p> <p>17.3 Markov Process 327</p> <p>17.4 Reliability of the System 329</p> <p>17.5 Conclusion 338</p> <p><b>18 Probabilistic Distribution and Monte Carlo Approach for Reliability Evaluation of SEIG-Based Micro Hydro Power Generation System 341</b><br /><i>Lokesh Varshney, Kanhaiya Kumar, Gautam Singh Dohare, Udaya M. Bhaskara Rao, and Jitendra Singh Shakya</i></p> <p>18.1 Introduction 341</p> <p>18.2 Residual Magnetism in SEIG: Restoration and Loss 342</p> <p>18.3 Problems with SEIG Excitation Failure in RE Systems 343</p> <p>18.4 SEIG Tests with Lowest Capacitive Excitation 343</p> <p>18.5 Rotor Core Magnetization of SEIG Reliability Assessment Using Least Capacitor Score 344</p> <p>18.6 Discussion and Outcomes 349</p> <p>18.7 Conclusion 350</p> <p><b>19 Reliability and Mean Life Assessment of Solar Panel by Cooling 353</b><br /><i>Rahul Agrawal, Jyotsna Ogale, Nga T. T. Nguyen, R. K. Saket, and Joydeep Mitra</i></p> <p>19.1 Introduction 353</p> <p>19.2 Methodology 355</p> <p>19.3 Reliability Assessment 365</p> <p>19.4 Probability Density Function 369</p> <p>19.5 Cumulative Distribution Function 371</p> <p>19.6 Results 378</p> <p>19.7 Conclusion 378</p> <p><b>20 Reliability Assessment of Different Topologies in Photovoltaic System 381</b><br /><i>Laxman Chaudhary, Aanchal Verma, Ramesh C. Bansal, and R. K. Saket</i></p> <p>20.1 Introduction 381</p> <p>20.2 Reliability Modeling of PV Topology 385</p> <p>20.3 Estimation of Failure Rate 387</p> <p>20.4 Reliability Estimation Using RBD 388</p> <p>20.5 Results 400</p> <p>20.6 Conclusions 405</p> <p><b>Section 6 Reliability Analysis of Power Electronics Components and Systems for Modern Power System Applications 409</b></p> <p><b>21 Reliability Evaluation of Power Electronics Converters for Modern Power System Applications 411</b><br /><i>Amit Kumar, Sachin Kumar, Sunil K. Singh, R. K. Saket, and P. Sanjeevikumar</i></p> <p>21.1 Introduction 411</p> <p>21.2 Failures in Power Electronics Converters 412</p> <p>21.3 Estimation and Monitoring of Junction Temperature 414</p> <p>21.4 Reliability of a Modern Power System 420</p> <p>21.5 Challenges and Future Directions 424</p> <p><b>22 Reliability Assessment of Sub-components of Electric Vehicle for Performance Enhancement Grid Integrated Power System 427</b><br /><i>Saumya Singh, Dhawal Dwivedi, Sandeep K. Soni, R. K. Saket, and Dwarkadas P. Kothari</i></p> <p>22.1 Introduction 427</p> <p>22.2 Electric Vehicles and Grid Integration 428</p> <p>22.3 Sub-components of EVs 431</p> <p>22.4 Reliability Assessment Techniques in EVs 435</p> <p>22.5 Evaluation of Distribution Systems Reliability with Integrated EVs 443</p> <p>22.6 Conclusion 448</p> <p><b>23 Reliability Assessment of Multilevel Inverter for Modern Power System Applications 451</b><br /><i>Saumya Singh, Dhawal Dwivedi, Kumari Sarita, R. K. Saket, and P. Sanjeevikumar</i></p> <p>23.1 Introduction 451</p> <p>23.2 Reliability Assessment Techniques 453</p> <p>23.3 Types of Multilevel Inverters (MLIs) 456</p> <p>23.4 Comparative Reliability Assessment of MLIs 463</p> <p>23.5 Conclusion 464</p> <p><b>24 Reliability Aspects in Snubber Circuit for Industrial Power Applications 467</b><br /><i>Dhawal Dwivedi, Saumya Singh, Kumari Sarita, R. K. Saket, and P. Sanjeevikumar</i></p> <p>24.1 Introduction 467</p> <p>24.2 Passive Snubber Circuit 468</p> <p>24.3 Selection of Turn-OFF Snubber 469</p> <p>24.4 Design of a Discharge-Suppressing RCD Snubber 471</p> <p>24.5 Simulation Results of RCD Snubber 472</p> <p>24.6 Reliability Aspects in Snubber Design for Industrial Power Applications 476</p> <p>24.7 Conclusion 478</p> <p><b>25 Reliability Assessment of Power Electronics Devices and Systems for Modern Power Applications 481</b><br /><i>Jyoti Maurya, Saumya Singh, Sachin Kumar, P. Sanjeevikumar, and R. K. Saket</i></p> <p>25.1 Introduction 481</p> <p>25.2 Concept of PEDS Reliability in Modern Power System 483</p> <p>25.3 V-Shape Model-Based Reliability Assessment in PEDS 486</p> <p>25.4 Converter Reliability Modeling 489</p> <p>25.5 Conclusion and Future Challenges 492</p> <p><b>26 Reliability Aspects in the Design and Development of Microgrids 493</b><br /><i>Amit Kumar, Sachin Kumar, Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz, R. K. Saket, and D. P. Kothari</i></p> <p>26.1 Introduction 493</p> <p>26.2 Architecture and Operation of Microgrid 494</p> <p>26.3 Microgrid Control Strategies 496</p> <p>26.4 Reliability Aspects in Microgrid Planning and Design 499</p> <p>26.5 Conclusion and Future Challenges 504</p> <p>References 505</p> <p>Abbreviations 507</p> <p>Notations 513</p> <p>Index 525</p>

<p><b>R. K. Saket, PhD,</b> is a Full Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi (UP), India. He is a Senior Member of IEEE and an Associate Editor of IET Renewable Power Generation, IET Electrical Systems in Transportation, IEEE Access, and the Managing Guest Editor of IEEE Journal of the Electron Devices Society, Computers & Electrical Engineering, and Electrical Engineering (Springer Nature). <p><b>P. Sanjeevikumar, PhD,</b> is a Full Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology and Cybernetics, University of South-Eastern Norway, Porsgrunn, Norway. He is a Senior Member of IEEE and an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions of Industry Applications, and the Deputy/Subject Editor of IET Renewable Power Generation, IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, IETE Journal of Research, and FACETS (Canada).

<p><b>A reader-friendly introduction to reliability analysis and its power systems applications</b> <p>The subset of probability theory known as reliability theory analyzes the likelihood of failure in a given component or system under given conditions. It is a critical aspect of engineering as it concerns systems of all kinds, not least modern power systems, with their essential role in sustaining the technologies on which modern life relies. <i>Reliability Analysis of Modern Power Systems </i>is a thorough, accessible book introducing the core concepts of reliability theory as they apply to power systems engineering, as well as the advanced technologies currently driving new frontiers in reliability analysis. It is a must-own for anyone looking to understand and improve the systems that power our world. <p>Readers will also find: <ul><li>Detailed discussion of reliability modeling and simulation of composite systems using Typhoon HIL 404 </li><li>Reliability assessment of generation systems, transmission systems, distribution systems, and more </li><li>Information on renewable energy integration for more sustainable power grids</li></ul> <p><i>Reliability Analysis of Modern Power Systems </i>is ideal for professionals, engineers, and researchers in power system design and reliability engineering, as well as for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in these and related subjects.

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