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<p>Editor Biographies xxiii</p> <p>List of Contributors xxvii</p> <p>Preface xxxiii</p> <p><b>Part I Fundamentals and Framework 1</b></p> <p><b>1 Introduction to Sustainability and Sustainable Development 3<br /> </b><i>Prangya R. Rout, Akshaya K. Verma, Puspendu Bhunia, Rao Y. Surampalli, Tian C. Zhang, R.D. Tyagi, S.K. Brar, and M.K. Goyal</i></p> <p>1.1 Background and Definition 3</p> <p>1.2 Basic Concepts and Issues 4</p> <p>1.3 Evolution of Sustainability and Sustainable Development 7</p> <p>1.4 Challenges and Solutions 8</p> <p>1.5 Adaptation and Resilience 8</p> <p>1.6 Economic, Ecological, Social, Technological and Systems Perspectives 13</p> <p>1.7 Conclusions 16</p> <p>References 17</p> <p><b>2 The Need, Role and Significance of Sustainability 21<br /> </b><i>Anita Talan, A.N. Pathak, and R.D. Tyagi</i></p> <p>2.1 Introduction 21</p> <p>2.2 Three Pillars of Sustainability 21</p> <p>2.3 Primary Goals of Sustainability 27</p> <p>2.4 Significance of Sustainability 34</p> <p>2.5 Challenges Toward Sustainability 35</p> <p>2.6 Sustainable Future 39</p> <p>2.7 Conclusions 39</p> <p>References 40</p> <p><b>3 Sustainable Development: Dimensions, Intersections and Knowledge Platform 43</b><br /> <i>Pritee Sharma and Kanak Singh</i></p> <p>3.1 Introduction 43</p> <p>3.2 Understanding Complex Systems 44</p> <p>3.3 Dimensions of Sustainable Development: Economic Dimension 47</p> <p>3.4 Dimensions of Sustainable Development: Environmental Dimension 53</p> <p>3.5 Dimensions of Sustainable Development: Social Dimension 56</p> <p>3.6 Mapping Social Development Through Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 58</p> <p>3.7 Sustainable Development Indicators 60</p> <p>3.8 Exploring Knowledge Systems for Sustainability 61</p> <p>3.9 Conclusion 65</p> <p>References 65</p> <p><b>4 Measurement of Sustainability 69<br /> </b><i>Rajneesh Singh, Akash Kumar Gupta, Puspendu Bhunia, Rao Y. Surampalli, Tian C. Zhang, Pengzhi Lin, and Yu Chen</i></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 69</p> <p>4.2 Types and Choice of Indicators 70</p> <p>4.3 Framework of Lifecycle-Based Sustainability Metrics 72</p> <p>4.4 Technological Aspects of Supply Chain and Process Sustainability 73</p> <p>4.5 Sustainable Economy Indices 74</p> <p>4.6 Environmental Indicator for Manufacturing Competitiveness 75</p> <p>4.7 Monitoring and Evaluation Processes 77</p> <p>4.8 Conclusion 79</p> <p>References 79</p> <p><b>5 Sustainable Impact Assessment 83<br /> </b><i>L.R. Kumar, Anita Talan and R.D. Tyagi</i></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 83</p> <p>5.2 Types of Impact Assessment (IA) 83</p> <p>5.3 Sustainable Impact Assessment (SIA) 86</p> <p>5.4 Advantages of Conducting Sustainable Impact Assessment 89</p> <p>5.5 Recent Evolution of Impact Assessment 90</p> <p>5.6 Different Approaches of SIA 91</p> <p>5.7 Determining Criteria for Sustainability 93</p> <p>5.8 Procedure to Follow Impact Assessment 94</p> <p>5.9 ToSIA – Software Tool for Sustainable Impact Assessment 99</p> <p>5.10 Case Studies for Use of Sustainable Impact Assessment 103</p> <p>5.11 Conclusions 106</p> <p>References 107</p> <p><b>6 Analytical Tools and Methodologies to Evaluate Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations with Special Reference to Asia 111<br /> </b><i>Gamini Herath</i></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 111</p> <p>6.2 Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations 112</p> <p>6.3 Planning and Decision Making Methodologies for the Sustainable Development Goals 112</p> <p>6.4 Tools to Tackle Interlinked Goals and Policy Incoherence 113</p> <p>6.5 Carrying Capacity (CC) 116</p> <p>6.6 Evalution Models Under Uncertainty 117</p> <p>6.7 Adaptive Management 119</p> <p>6.8 Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) 119</p> <p>6.9 Multiattribute Utility Theory 121</p> <p>6.10 Conclusions 124</p> <p>References 124</p> <p><b>7 Resilience Engineering and Quantification for Sustainable Systems 129<br /> </b><i>Anita Talan, Bhoomika Yadav, L.R. Kumar, and R.D. Tyagi 129</i></p> <p>7.1 Introduction 129</p> <p>7.2 Resilience and Sustainability: Definitions, Differences and Similarities 130</p> <p>7.3 Technical Purposes of Resilience Engineering 132</p> <p>7.4 Resilience Assessment Approaches 133</p> <p>7.5 Indicators for Quantifying Successful Resilience and Sustainability 138</p> <p>7.6 Some Resilient Systems and Associated Codes/Standards 140</p> <p>7.7 Communal Resilience and Built Environment Sustainability 144</p> <p>7.8 Risk Analysis and Resilience 149</p> <p>7.9 Integration of Sustainability and Resilience 151</p> <p>7.10 Conclusions 152</p> <p>References 154</p> <p><b>Part II Dimensions and Different Aspects 157</b></p> <p><b>8 Economic Development and Sustainability 159<br /> </b><i>L.R. Kumar, Anita Talan, and R.D. Tyagi</i></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 159</p> <p>8.2 Different Perspectives of Economic Development 159</p> <p>8.3 Indicators for Economic Development 160</p> <p>8.4 Economic Development for Sustainability 162</p> <p>8.5 Economic Policies for Sustainable Development 167</p> <p>8.6 Economic Development and Environment 170</p> <p>8.7 Economic Analysis of Sustainable Development 174</p> <p>8.8 Future Directions for Achieving Economic Sustainable Development 177</p> <p>8.9 Conclusions 178</p> <p>References 179</p> <p><b>9 Social Dimensions of Sustainability 183<br /> </b><i>Anita Talan, R.D. Tyagi, and Rao Y. Surampalli</i></p> <p>9.1 Introduction 183</p> <p>9.2 Concepts and Definitions of Social Sustainability 184</p> <p>9.3 Social Sustainability 185</p> <p>9.4 Dimensions of Social Sustainability 188</p> <p>9.5 Gaps in Dimensions of Social Sustainability 193</p> <p>9.6 Research-based Policies and Federal Perspective Toward Social Sustainability 195</p> <p>9.7 Social Sustainability – an Integrated Approach 200</p> <p>9.8 Safety and Security 202</p> <p>9.9 Future Perspective and Conclusions 203</p> <p>References 204</p> <p><b>10 Social Engineering and Sustainability: Revisiting Popper’s “Piecemeal Approach” 207<br /> </b><i>Neeraj Mishra</i></p> <p>10.1 Introduction 207</p> <p>10.2 Emergence of Sustainability on the Global Agenda 208</p> <p>10.3 Concept of Social Engineering 209</p> <p>10.4 Karl Popper’s Description of Social Engineering 211</p> <p>10.5 Social Engineering as a Tool for Sustainable Development 214</p> <p>10.6 Promoting Sustainable Consumption and Bio‐Politics of Sustainability 217</p> <p>10.7 Social Engineering, Sustainability and Industrial Production 221</p> <p>10.8 Conclusions 224</p> <p>References 225</p> <p><b>11 Environment Modeling for Sustainable Development 229<br /> </b><i>Lalit Borana, Bhaskar Jyoti Deka, Jiaxin Guo, and Alicia Kyoungjin An</i></p> <p>11.1 Introduction 229</p> <p>11.2 Environmental Indicators in the Context of Sustainable Development 231</p> <p>11.3 Overview of Sustainable Development 235</p> <p>11.4 Role of Sustainability in Environmental Development 237</p> <p>11.5 Case Studies: Sustainability Management 241</p> <p>11.6 Modeling of Sustainability 246</p> <p>11.7 Modeling Tools for Sustainable Development Policies: Vision 2030 – United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs 249</p> <p>11.8 Summary 251</p> <p>References 251</p> <p><b>12 Biodiversity and Sustainability 255<br /> </b><i>Akshaya K. Verma, Prangya R. Rout, Eunseok Lee, Puspendu Bhunia, Jaeho Bae, Rao Y. Surampalli, Tian C. Zhang, Rajeshwar D. Tyagi, Pengzhi Lin, and Yu Chen</i></p> <p>12.1 Introduction 255</p> <p>12.2 Threats to Biodiversity 257</p> <p>12.3 Role of Biodiversity in Sustainable Development 268</p> <p>12.4 Trends of Biodiversity 269</p> <p>12.5 Conclusions 270</p> <p>References 271</p> <p><b>13 Sustainability of Ecosystem Services (ESs) 277<br /> </b><i>Carlos S. Osorio‐González, Niranjan Suralikerimath, Krishnamoorthy Hegde, and Satinder K. Brar</i></p> <p>13.1 Introduction 277</p> <p>13.2 Historical Evolution of Ecosystem Services Definition 278</p> <p>13.3 Framework for Assessing Ecosystem Services 280</p> <p>13.4 Utilization of Ecosystem Services for Sustainable Development 281</p> <p>13.5 Recent Advances in Mapping and Measuring Multiple Services 283</p> <p>13.6 Possible Approaches for Sustainable Use of Ecosystem Services 284</p> <p>13.7 Challenge and Interlinkage Themes for Researchers 287</p> <p>13.8 Future Directions and Conclusions 288</p> <p>References 289</p> <p><b>14 Sustainable Infrastructure 295<br /> </b><i>Gilbert Hinge, Rao Y. Surampalli, and Manish Kumar Goyal</i></p> <p>14.1 Infrastructure − An Introduction 295</p> <p>14.2 Mitigation Policies 299</p> <p>14.3 Strategic Environmental Assessment 301</p> <p>14.4 Recycling Reuse and Reclamation 304</p> <p>14.5 Reverse Logistics 305</p> <p>14.6 Deconstruction 307</p> <p>14.7 Summary 308</p> <p>References 309</p> <p><b>15 Industrial Practices in Sustainability 313<br /> </b><i>K.K. Brar, Dalila Larios Martinez, Mitra Naghdi, Satinder K. Brar, Bhupinder Singh Chadha, Preetinder Singh, and Rao Y. Surampalli</i></p> <p>15.1 Introduction 313</p> <p>15.2 Causes of Environmental Deterioration 314</p> <p>15.3 Effects of Environmental Degradation 315</p> <p>15.4 Human-Induced Eye-Opening Environmental Incidents 318</p> <p>15.5 Sustainable Development 319</p> <p>15.6 Benefits of Being a Sustainable Business 320</p> <p>15.7 How to Achieve Sustainable Development 321</p> <p>15.8 Commitment Toward the Environment 322</p> <p>15.9 Future Action Needed 335</p> <p>References 336</p> <p><b>16 Challenges of Sustainability in Agricultural Management 339<br /> </b><i>Jew Das, Srinidhi Jha, Manish Kumar Goyal, and Rao Y. Surampalli</i></p> <p>16.1 Introduction 339</p> <p>16.2 An Overview of Indian Agriculture 341</p> <p>16.3 Agricultural Sustainability: Environmental, Economic and Social Perspectives 347</p> <p>16.4 Challenges to Agricultural Sustainability 348</p> <p>16.5 Road to Sustainable Agriculture: Possible Solutions 352</p> <p>16.6 Conclusions 354</p> <p>References 355</p> <p><b>17 Food Security and Sustainability 357<br /> </b><i>Preetika Kuknur Pachapur, Vinayak Laxman Pachapur, Satinder K. Brar, Rosa Galvez, Yann Le Bihan, and Rao Y. Surampalli</i></p> <p>17.1 Introduction 357</p> <p>17.2 Food Needs 358</p> <p>17.3 Population Growth 359</p> <p>17.4 Impact of Climate Change on Food Security 360</p> <p>17.5 International Case Studies 361</p> <p>17.6 Biofuels and Food Security 364</p> <p>17.7 Water–Energy–Food Security Nexus 367</p> <p>17.8 Genetically Modified Foods for Food Security 368</p> <p>17.9 Horizontal Gene Transfer for Food Security 369</p> <p>17.10 Future Plans for Food Security 369</p> <p>References 371</p> <p><b>18 Sustainable Healthcare Systems 375<br /> </b><i>Carlos S. Osorio‐González, Krishnamoorthy Hegde, Satinder K. Brar, Antonio Avalos‐ Ramírez, and Rao Y. Surampalli</i></p> <p>18.1 Introduction 375</p> <p>18.2 Classification of Healthcare Systems 376</p> <p>18.3 Sustainability and Healthcare Systems 377</p> <p>18.4 Sustainability Challenges in Healthcare Systems 379</p> <p>18.5 Categories of Sustainability in Healthcare Systems 381</p> <p>18.6 Overview of Sustainable Healthcare Systems 384</p> <p>18.7 Conclusion 390</p> <p>References 391</p> <p><b>19 Ethical Aspects of Sustainability 397<br /> </b><i>Anita Talan, Rajwinder Kaur, R.D. Tyagi, and Tian C. Zhang</i></p> <p>19.1 Introduction 397</p> <p>19.2 Juxtaposing Ethics, Morality and Sustainable Development 398</p> <p>19.3 Approaches to Ethics 400</p> <p>19.4 The Neoliberal Era and Adaptation into the Sustainability Framework 402</p> <p>19.5 Global Flora and Sustainability 405</p> <p>19.6 Adaptation and Mitigation of Climate Change: Ethical Perspective 405</p> <p>19.7 Conclusions 409</p> <p>References 410</p> <p><b>20 Education and Human Resource Development for Sustainability 413<br /> </b><i>Anita Talan, and R. D Tyagi</i></p> <p>20.1 Introduction 413</p> <p>20.2 Education for Sustainability 413</p> <p>20.3 Objectives of Education for Sustainable Development 416</p> <p>20.4 Potential Improvements via Education for Sustainable Development 421</p> <p>20.5 Global Education and Global Actions of ESD 424</p> <p>20.6 Sustainability as Human Resource Development 429</p> <p>20.7 HRD Indicators 432</p> <p>20.8 Change in HRD for Sustainability 433</p> <p>20.9 HRD Resources for Sustainable Development 434</p> <p>20.10 Conclusion 435</p> <p>References 436</p> <p><b>Part III Applications 439</b></p> <p><b>21 Climate Change Adaptation for Sustainable Management of Water in India: Issues and Challenges 441<br /> </b><i>Adani Azhoni</i></p> <p>21.1 Introduction 441</p> <p>21.2 Climate Change Challenges to India’s Water Management 443</p> <p>21.3 Adaptation Approaches 444</p> <p>21.4 Water Management Institutions and Their Role in Adaptation 449</p> <p>21.5 Indian Water Institutions 450</p> <p>21.6 Recent Initiatives to Address Climate Change in India 452</p> <p>21.7 Adaptation for Sustainability: Two Examples 452</p> <p>21.8 Discussion and Conclusion 454</p> <p>References 455</p> <p><b>22 Sustainability of Carbon Storage and Sequestration 465<br /> </b><i>Gilbert Hinge, Rao Y. Surampalli, and Manish Kumar Goyal</i></p> <p>22.1 Introduction 465</p> <p>22.2 Carbon Sources and Sinks 466</p> <p>22.3 Types of Carbon Sequestration 466</p> <p>22.4 Methods for Quantification of Soil Organic Carbon Stocks 468</p> <p>22.5 Adaptation and Mitigation Policy for Carbon Management 475</p> <p>22.6 Conclusions 479</p> <p>References 479</p> <p><b>23 Environmental Degradation and Sustainability 483<br /> </b><i>Yong Qi, Puspendu Bhunia, Tian C. Zhang, F. Luo, Pengzhi Lin, and Yu Chen</i></p> <p>23.1 Introduction 483</p> <p>23.2 Desertification and Associated Sustainable Strategies 484</p> <p>23.3 Environmental Pollution and Associated Impacts 486</p> <p>23.4 Snow Ablation and Glacier Retreat 491</p> <p>23.5 Dams and Resettlement 492</p> <p>23.6 Strategies for Sustainable Development While Addressing Environmental Pollution and Degradation 494</p> <p>23.7 Future Trends 501</p> <p>23.8 Conclusions 502</p> <p>References 502</p> <p><b>24 Sustainability of River Water Resources Under the Influence of Climate Change 507</b><br /> <i>Shivam Gupta and Manish Kumar Goyal</i></p> <p>24.1 Introduction 507</p> <p>24.2 Effects of Global Warming on Observed Changes 508</p> <p>24.3 Water Stress – the Supply Demand Balance 510</p> <p>24.4 Impacts of Climate Change on Glaciers and Mountainous Water Resources 511</p> <p>24.5 Sustainable Management of River Water Resources 512</p> <p>24.6 Case Studies 513</p> <p>24.7 Conclusions 523</p> <p>References 523</p> <p><b>25 Sustainable Systems for Groundwater Resource Management 527<br /> </b><i>Manish Kumar Goyal, Srinidhi Jha, and Rao Y. Surampalli</i></p> <p>25.1 Introduction 527</p> <p>25.2 Occurrence and Distribution 530</p> <p>25.3 Groundwater Usage in the World 533</p> <p>25.4 Two Main Challenges 536</p> <p>25.5 Toward Groundwater Sustainability 539</p> <p>25.6 Looking for Possible Solutions: Primary Solutions 542</p> <p>25.7 Intuitional and Organizational Reforms: Secondary Solutions 546</p> <p>25.8 Conclusions 548</p> <p>References 549</p> <p><b>26 Sustainability and Energy Management in Facilities for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse 553<br /> </b><i>Joseph Sebastian, Pratik Kumar, Krishnamoorthy Hegde, Satinder K. Brar, Mausam Verma, and Rao Y. Surampalli</i></p> <p>26.1 Introduction 553</p> <p>26.2 Sustainable Wastewater Treatment and Reuse 554</p> <p>26.3 Approaches for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment and Reuse 557</p> <p>26.4 Sustainable Energy Derived from Wastewater 564</p> <p>26.5 Conclusions 575</p> <p>References 576</p> <p><b>27 Energy Needs for Sustainable Buildings and Transportation 583<br /> </b><i>Rehan Khan, Suchit Deshmukh, and Ritunesh Kumar</i></p> <p>27.1 Introduction 583</p> <p>27.2 Building and Energy 584</p> <p>27.3 Energy for Transportation 594</p> <p>27.4 Conclusions 602</p> <p>References 602</p> <p><b>28 Remote Sensing and GIS Applications in Sustainability 605<br /> </b><i>Manish Kumar Goyal, Ashutosh Sharma, and Rao Y. Surampalli</i></p> <p>28.1 Introduction 605</p> <p>28.2 Remote Sensing for Earth Observation (EO) and Data Acquisition 609</p> <p>28.3 Sustainable Resource Management Using Remote Sensing and GIS 612</p> <p>28.4 Case Study 613</p> <p>28.5 Future Perspectives 619</p> <p>28.6 Conclusions 620</p> <p>References 620</p> <p><b>29 Artificial Intelligence and Computational Sustainability 627<br /> </b><i>S.K. Ram and R.D. Tyagi</i></p> <p>29.1 Introduction 627</p> <p>29.2 Basic Elements of AI Implementation 628</p> <p>29.3 Concept of Computational Sustainability 629</p> <p>29.4 Computational Sustainability and Ecological Preservation 631</p> <p>29.5 Potential Applications of AI in Various Sectors 632</p> <p>29.6 AI for UN Sustainable Development Goals 638</p> <p>29.7 Challenges Associated with AI 638</p> <p>29.8 AI and Its Socio‐Economic Impact 641</p> <p>29.9 AI for Developing Countries: A Case Study of Zimbabwe 643</p> <p>29.10 Conclusions and Future Prospects 645</p> <p>References 645</p> <p>Index 651</p>

<p><b>RAO Y. SURAMPALLI</b>, Ph.D., P.E., BCEE, Hon D.WRE, F.AAAS, Dist.M.ASCE, is President and Chief Executive Officer of the Global Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, USA.</p> <p><b>TIAN C. ZHANG,</b> Ph.D., P.E., BCEE, D.WRE, F.ASCE, F.AAAS is Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA.</p> <p><b>MANISH KUMAR GOYAL,</b> Ph.D. is presently working as an Associate Professor in Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India.</p> <p><b>SATINDER K. BRAR,</b> Ph.D. is Love Chair Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering, York University, Canada.</p> <p><b>R. D. TYAGI,</b> Ph.D. is Professor with Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (Eau, Terre, et Environment), University of Quebec, Canada.</p>

<p><b>A comprehensive resource to sustainability and its application to the environmental, industrial, agricultural and food security sectors</b> <p><i>Sustainability: Fundamentals and Applications??</i>fills a gap in the literature in order to provide an important guide to the fundamental knowledge and practical applications of sustainability in a wide variety of areas. The editors – noted experts who represent a number of sustainability fields – bring together in one comprehensive volume the broad range of topics including basic concepts, impact assessment, environmental and the socio-economic aspects of sustainability. In addition, the book covers applications of sustainability in environmental, industrial, agricultural and food security, as well as carbon cycle and infrastructural aspects. <p><i>Sustainability</i>??addresses the challenges the global community is facing due to population growth, depletion of non-renewable resources of energy, environmental degradation, poverty, excessive generation of wastes and more. Throughout the book the editors discuss the economics, ecological, social, technological and systems perspectives of sustainability. This important resource: <ul> <li>Explores the fundamentals as well as the key concepts of sustainability;</li> <li>Covers basic concepts, impact assessment, environmental and socio-economic aspects, applications of sustainability in environmental, industrial, agricultural and food security, carbon cycle and infrastructural aspects;</li> <li>Argues the essentiality of sustainability in ensuring the propitious future of earth systems; and ??</li> <li>Authored by experts from a range of various fields related to sustainability.</li> </ul> <p>Written for researchers and scientists, students and academics,??<i>Sustainability: Fundamentals and Applications</i>??is a comprehensive book that covers the basic knowledge of the topic combined with practical applications.

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